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APPARATUSFOR GENERATING VAPOR PROMl LIQUID HYDROGARBONS.

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WITNESSES (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet '27.

H. F. HAYDEN.

APPARATUS PoR GENBRATING VAPOR PROM LIQUID HYDROGARBONS.

No. 278,792. l Patented June 5,1883.

VITNESSES y IN VENTQR ATTORNEYS.'

N. PETERS. Pnamuxmgnplw. wnhingim. DA C.

UNITED STATES' PATENT' OFFICE.

HENRY F. HAYDEN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ASSIGNOR TO THEINTERNATIONAL VAPOR FUEL AND CARBON IRON AND MANU- FACTURIN G COMPANY,OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING VAPOR FROM LIQUID HYDROCARBONS.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 278,792, dated June5, 1883,

Application tiled June 11` 1&8l. Renewed March 2G, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY F. HAYDEN, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at Washington, in the District of Columbia,

5 have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forGenerating Vapor from Liquid Hydrocarbons; and Ido hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention7such as will enable ro others skilled in the art to which itappertainsto make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, and to letters or gures of reference marked thereon,which forma part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of vaporgenerators in which steam isused for causing the vaporization of liquid hydrocarbons; and the naturethereof consists in certain improvements in the construction of suchgenerators, 2o and novel combination of the parts thereof, hereinafterdescribed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a view, taken partially insection, illustrating the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal verti- 2 5cal section of the furnace in which the combustion of the vapor iseffected. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the furnace in which thecombustion of the vapor is effected. Fig. 4 illustrates in detail thevapor-burner. Figs. 5

3o and 6 illustrate, respectively, in vertical and horizontal section, amodification of the apparatus shown in Fig. l1.

The retort or generating-chamberB consists of two or more communicatingspheroidal re- 35 ceivers, and has a pipe, C, provided with a valve, J,for drawing off the residua. A coil of superheating-pipes, V, isarranged on the outside of the generating-chamber, and between.

the same and the walls of the apparatus, the 4o uppermost of whichcommunicates with a steam-supply pipe, F, provided with a valve, andthelowermost of which communicates, by' means of the pipe K, with thegeneratingchamber.

Near the base of the apparatus is afurnace, S, from whence the productsof combustion, rising upward, impinge against the generating-chamber andsuperheating-coils and iinally pass off through a smoke-pipe, which isnot 5o shown in the drawings. The liquid hydro- -carbon is introducedinto the generating-chamber by means of the pipe D, provided with valveL, which communicates with the source of supply, and the hydrocarbonvapor is carried off by the pipe E, which is provided with 5'5 apyrometer, P, and valve M.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The requisite amount ofsteam is admitted by means of the valve F into the superheater V, whereadditional heat is imparted to it by the 6o heated gases from thefurnace S. The steam thus superheated iiows through the pipe K togenerating-chamber B, where it comes in contact with the liquidhydrocarbon which enters through the pipe D. The arrangement of the 6 5spheroidal receivers B is such as to cause the vaporization of thehydrocarbons flowing through them according to their volatility-g thatis to say, the most volatile hydrocarbons are vaporized first and theleast volatile last, 7o while the highly-heated steam also attacks thecarbonaceous residua and forms hydrogen gas and carbonio oxide. Thesteam should flow from the generatorv under sufficient pressure to carrythe hydrocarbons in vaporous form to 7 5 the burner W, andthe liquidhydrocarbon iiowing out at the end of the pipe D and the superheatedsteam passing upward through the. spheroidal chambers should bethoroughly intermiXed.

Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate, respectively, in vertical and horizontalsection, a modiiication of the apparatus shown in Fig. l. According tothis construction the generating-chamber consists of a single sphere orspheroid, B', provided with a S 5 pipe, C,-having a valve, F', fordrawing oft1 the residua. A coil of superheating-pipes, I', is arrangedon the outside ofthe generating-chamber, and between the same and thewalls of the apparatus, the lowermost of which communi- 9o I cates witha steam-supply pipe, G', having a valve, and the uppermost of whichcommunicates by means of a pipe, R', having a valve, H', with thegenerating-chamber. Near the base of the apparatus is a furnace, A',from 95 whence the products of combustion, rising upward,impinge againstthe superheating-coil I', ,and generating-chamber B', and finally passoff through a smoke-pipe. (Not shown in the drawings.) The liquidhydrocarbon is introrooA duced into the generating-chamber by means ofthe pipe D, provided with avalve, J,which communicates with the sourceof supply, and the hydrocarbon vapor is carried ofi" by the pipe E,whichis provided with apyrometer, L. The requisite amount of steam havingbeen admitted by means of the valve G into the superheater, it receivesan additional amount of heat from the heated gases leaving the furnace,and thus superheated flows through the pipe R to the generating-chamber,where it meets the oil entering through the pipe D and vaporizes it.rlhe highly-heated steam will also attack the carbonac'eous resdua ofvaporization and form therewith hydrogen gas and carbonic oxide.

The gas and vapors generated as herein described may be burned in thefurnace illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, inwhich a represents the crownofthe furnace, over which flue l) is arranged, through. which air entersthe combustionchamber d in a continuous manner from the source ofsupply. The vapor-supply ap pliance consists of a pipe, E, communicatingwith the generator, and the pipe W, arranged at right angles therewith,and provided with a series of downwardly projecting tubes, j', havingapertures cut therein for the escape of the gas. The mixing-chamber, in`which the vapor and air are thoroughly intermixed, consists of a seriesof posts or pillars, h', arranged within the passage G, through whichthese fluids enter the combustion-chamber. These pillars should be madeof some highly-refractory material, in order that they may absorb andstore up the heat generated by combustion and impart it to the enteringair and vapor. I prefer that these pillars shall be arranged in zigzagrelation to each other, so that the entering vapor and air impingingagainst the same will become thoroughly heated and intermixed.

The combustion-chamber and appliances for burning the gas are not hereinclaimed, as they will form the subject-matter of another application forLetters Patent of the United States.

I do not claim herein the combination ofthe retort or generating-chambercomposed of two or more -communicating spheroidal receivers and a pipefor the direct introduction of the steam into the generator; nor do Iclaim the combination ofthe generator, the pipe for supplying theliquid-hydrocarbons, the pipe for admitting steam, the pipe for carryingaway the vapor, and the superheater, as those combinations form thesubjectmatter of another application for Letters Patent iiled by me onthe 11th day of June, 1881.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United Statesl. In the apparatus for generatingvapor from liquid hydrocarbons herein described, o ne or more sphericalor spheroidal vapor-generators exposed to the direct action of theproducts of combustion, and having a steam-induction pipe andoilinduction pipe exterior to the furnace, as and for the purposesdescribed.

2. In the apparatus for generating vapor from liquid hydrocarbonsdescribed, the combination of one or more spherical or spheroidalvapor-generating chambers exposed to the direct action of the productsof combustion, an oilinduction pipe entering the top, a steam-inducvtion pipe, and a superheater communicating therewith, as and for thepurposes described. In testimony whereof I afx my signature in presenceof two Witnesses.

HENRY F. HAYDEN.

Vitnesses:

C. S. XVHITMAN, F. M. BURNHAM.

